基礎單位 (Parts of Speech)
句子結構 (Sentence Structure)
動詞與時態 (Verbs & Tenses)
修飾語與片語 (Modifiers & Phrases)
特殊句型 (Special Constructions)
子句與連接 (Clauses & Conjunctions)
冠詞與限定詞 (Articles & Determiners)
代名詞 (Pronouns)
比較 (Comparison)
常見文法重點 (Key Grammar Rules)
| English | 中文 | POS | 常用搭配 / 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 基礎單位 (Parts of Speech) | |||
| Noun | 名詞 | N | The project deadline is next Friday. (專案的截止日是下週五。) |
| Pronoun | 代名詞 | Pro | Alice lost her keys, so I helped her look for them. (Alice 掉了她的鑰匙，所以我幫她找。) |
| Verb | 動詞 | V | They are collaborating on the new marketing plan. (他們正在合作進行新的行銷企劃。) |
| Adjective | 形容詞 | Adj | This is a highly complex calculation. (這是一個高度複雜的運算。) |
| Adverb | 副詞 | Adv | She speaks English fluently and clearly. (她講英文流利又清晰。) |
| Preposition | 介系詞 | Prep | We need to discuss the budget before the meeting. (我們需要在會議之前討論預算。) |
| Conjunction | 連接詞 | Conj | The report is thorough, but it lacks a clear conclusion. (報告很詳盡，但缺乏明確結論。) |
| Interjection | 感嘆詞 | Interj | Wow, this presentation is incredibly impressive! (哇，這個簡報令人印象深刻！) |
| Article / Determiner | 冠詞 / 限定詞 | Art/Det | A good leader must have strong communication skills. (一個好的領導者必須具備強大的溝通技巧。) |
| 2. 句子結構 (Sentence Structure) | |||
| SVO | 基本句型 (主-動-受) | Structure | The team submitted the proposal yesterday. (團隊昨天提交了提案。) |
| SVC | 基本句型 (主-動-補) | Structure | The new policy seems ambiguous. (新政策似乎模稜兩可。) |
| SVOO | 基本句型 (主-動-受-受) | Structure | The manager assigned me a new task. (經理分派給我一項新任務。) |
| SVOC | 基本句型 (主-動-受-補) | Structure | We consider this project a top priority. (我們認為這個專案是首要任務。) |
| Simple | 簡單句 | Sentence | The market research results were positive. (市場調查結果是正面的。) |
| Compound | 複合句 | Sentence | We launched the product, and the sales immediately increased. (我們發表了產品，且銷售額馬上增加了。) |
| Complex | 複雜句 | Sentence | Although the data was inconclusive, we proceeded with the second phase. (儘管數據不確定，我們仍繼續第二階段。) |
| Compound-Complex | 複合複雜句 | Sentence | Because the funding was approved, we hired new staff, and we expanded our office space. (因為資金核准了，我們僱了新員工，且我們擴大了辦公空間。) |
| 3. 動詞與時態 (Verbs & Tenses) | |||
| Present Simple | 現在簡單式 | Tense | Our company specializes in renewable energy solutions. (我們公司專精於再生能源解決方案。) |
| Past Simple | 過去簡單式 | Tense | They negotiated the contract terms last month. (他們上個月協商了合約條款。) |
| Future Simple | 未來簡單式 | Tense | We will implement the changes next quarter. (我們下一季將會實施這些變更。) |
| Present Perfect | 現在完成式 | Tense | The CEO has already approved the budget. (執行長已經核准了預算。) |
| Past Progressive | 過去進行式 | Tense | I was analyzing the data when the system crashed. (當系統當機時，我正在分析數據。) |
| Future Perfect Progressive | 未來完成進行式 | Tense | By next July, we will have been working on this merger for two years. (到明年七月，我們將會持續進行這個合併案滿兩年。) |
| Active Voice | 主動語態 | Voice | The auditors reviewed all financial records. (稽核人員審查了所有的財務紀錄。) |
| Passive Voice | 被動語態 | Voice | All financial records were reviewed by the auditors. (所有的財務紀錄被稽核人員審查了。) |
| Indicative Mood | 直述語氣 | Mood | The Q3 profit exceeded expectations. (第三季的獲利超過了預期。) |
| Imperative Mood | 命令語氣 | Mood | Please finalize the client report immediately. (請立即完成這份客戶報告。) |
| Subjunctive Mood | 假設語氣 | Mood | It is crucial that she attend the board meeting. (她出席董事會會議是至關重要的。) |
| 4. 修飾語與片語 (Modifiers & Phrases) | |||
| Noun Clause | 名詞子句 | Clause | We understand that the market is volatile. (我們瞭解市場是不穩定的。) |
| Adjective Clause | 形容詞子句 | Clause | The product that we developed won an industry award. (我們開發的那個產品贏得了產業獎項。) |
| Adverbial Clause | 副詞子句 | Clause | Since the merger was announced, the stock price has stabilized. (自從合併宣布後，股價已經穩定下來。) |
| Infinitive Phrase | 不定詞片語 | Phrase | We decided to launch the product globally. (我們決定在全球推出產品。) |
| Gerund Phrase | 動名詞片語 | Phrase | Analyzing customer feedback is essential for product improvement. (分析客戶回饋對於產品改善是必要的。) |
| Participle Phrase | 分詞片語 | Phrase | Having completed the presentation, the speaker took questions. (完成簡報後，講者接受提問。) |
| 5. 特殊句型 (Special Constructions) | |||
| Questions | 疑問句 | Sentence | Have you thoroughly reviewed the new contract terms? (您是否徹底審查了新的合約條款？) |
| Negatives | 否定句 | Sentence | We do not foresee any major obstacles at this stage. (我們在這個階段沒有預見任何重大障礙。) |
| Inversion | 倒裝句 | Sentence | Not only did we meet the sales target, but we also exceeded it. (我們不僅達成了銷售目標，而且還超出了。) |
| Cleft Sentence | 強調句 | Sentence | It was the lack of resources that caused the delay. (正是資源的缺乏導致了延誤。) |
| Causative (Make) | 使役動詞 (讓/使) | V | The committee made us revise the initial proposal. (委員會要求我們修改最初的提案。) |
| Perception (See) | 感官動詞 (看見) | V | I saw the CEO enter the conference room earlier. (我早些時候看見執行長進入會議室。) |
| 6. 子句與連接 (Clauses & Conjunctions) | |||
| Noun Clause Intro | 名詞子句引導詞 | Con | The key question is whether we can secure the funding. (關鍵問題是我們是否能確保資金。) |
| Relative Pronoun | 關係代名詞 | Pro | This is the innovative technology which will transform the industry. (這就是將會轉變這個產業的創新科技。) |
| Time Conjunction | 時間連接詞 | Con | We will notify all stakeholders as soon as the decision is made. (一旦做出決定，我們將立即通知所有利害關係人。) |
| Condition Conjunction | 條件連接詞 | Con | We cannot proceed unless the legal team approves the document. (除非法務團隊批准文件，否則我們不能繼續進行。) |
| 7. 冠詞與限定詞 (Articles & Determiners) | |||
| Definite Article | 定冠詞 | Art | The current market volatility requires careful planning. (目前的市場波動需要仔細規劃。) |
| Indefinite Article | 不定冠詞 | Art | We require a specialist to review the technical specifications. (我們需要一位專家來審查技術規格。) |
| Determiner | 限定詞 | Det | Each member of the task force was given a specific role. (任務小組的每一位成員都被分配了一個特定角色。) |
| 8. 代名詞 (Pronouns) | |||
| Personal Pronoun | 人稱代名詞 | Pro | They are responsible for managing the international accounts. (他們負責管理國際客戶。) |
| Possessive Pronoun | 物主代名詞 | Pro | Your analysis is good, but mine is more detailed. (你的分析很好，但我的更詳細。) |
| Reflexive Pronoun | 反身代名詞 | Pro | The company must adapt to the changing climate itself. (公司必須自己適應不斷變化的環境。) |
| Indefinite Pronoun | 不定代名詞 | Pro | Nobody was able to fully explain the system failure. (沒有人能夠完全解釋系統故障。) |
| 9. 比較 (Comparison) | |||
| Positive Degree | 原級 | Comp | Project A is as critical as Project B to our success. (A 專案對我們的成功和 B 專案一樣重要。) |
| Comparative Degree | 比較級 | Comp | Our new software is more efficient than the previous version. (我們的新軟體比舊版本更有效率。) |
| Superlative Degree | 最高級 | Comp | This is the most innovative solution we have seen so far. (這是我們目前見過最具創新性的解決方案。) |
| Degree Comparison | 程度比較 | Comp | The Q4 profit was twice as high as the Q3 profit. (第四季的利潤是第三季利潤的兩倍高。) |
| 10. 常見文法重點 (Key Grammar Rules) | |||
| Subject-Verb Agreement | 主詞動詞一致 | Rule | The complexity of the issues requires immediate attention. (問題的複雜性需要立即關注。) |
| Infinitive vs Gerund | 不定詞 vs 動名詞 | Rule | We need to decide on the vendor immediately. (決定供應商) vs. Deciding quickly is key. (快速決定) |
| Double Negatives | 雙重否定 | Rule | (Avoid) We don't have no budget left. (應改為: We don't have any budget left. 或 We have no budget left.) |
| Parallelism | 平行結構 | Rule | The goal is to inform clients, to build trust, and to secure long-term partnerships. (通知、建立、確保) |
| Phrasal Verbs | 片語動詞 | V | We need to call off the meeting due to the emergency. (我們需要取消會議。) |
| English Word / Antonym | 中文解釋 | POS | 常用搭配 / 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Syntax | 句法；語法 | N | Mastery of English syntax is essential for professional writing. (精通英文句法對於專業寫作至關重要。) |
| Lexicon | 詞彙（總量）；專業詞彙 | N | The legal team uses a specialized lexicon when drafting contracts. (法務團隊在起草合約時使用專業的詞彙。) |
| Morphology | 詞素學；形態學 | N | Morphology studies how word forms change to indicate tense or number. (詞素學研究詞形如何變化來表示時態或單複數。) |
| Ambiguity | 模稜兩可；含糊不清 | N | The contract suffers from significant ambiguity in its termination clauses. (該合約的終止條款存在重大的模稜兩可之處。) |
| Cohesion | 語義連貫；連貫性 | N | The report lacks cohesion between the different sections. (該報告在不同章節間缺乏連貫性。) |
| Collocation | 慣用搭配；搭配詞 | N | "Highly effective" is a common business collocation. (「高效能」是一個常見的商業搭配詞。) |