科目:英文文法 (TOEIC Grammar) 適用日期:2025-12-21 重點:分詞、使役動詞、時態、倒裝句、易混淆字 風格:簡潔有力、表格對比、實戰導向
解題關鍵在於邏輯主詞與動詞的關係,而非單純翻譯。
| 型態 | 意義 | 判斷口訣 |
|---|---|---|
| V-ing (現在分詞) | 主動 / 令人...的 | 主詞會動,或形容事物特質 |
| V-pp (過去分詞) | 被動 / 感到...的 | 主詞被動,或形容人的感受 |
陷阱回顧 (情緒動詞):
Excite, Bore, Interest, Tire, Scare
主動 (V-ing):The game was exciting. (比賽令人興奮 - 事物)
被動 (V-pp):The fans were excited. (粉絲感到興奮 - 人)
常見錯題:
Tourists are attracted by the scenery. (遊客是被吸引,不是遊客去吸風景)
The laptop is equipped with new features. (筆電是被配備,無法主動配備)
口訣:人原形,物被動,Get 加 to。
| 動詞 | 結構 (主動) | 結構 (被動) | 語氣/備註 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Make | make + 人 + V | make + 物 + V-pp | 強迫 |
| Have | have + 人 + V | have + 物 + V-pp | 交付責任、叫某人做 |
| Let | let + 人 + V | (少用被動) | 允許 |
| Get | get + 人 + to V | get + 物 + V-pp | 說服/費力 (考試陷阱) |
當兩個動作有明顯的時間落差 (先 A 後 B)。
| 時態 | 關鍵字 | 意義 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在完成式 (Have + V-pp) | Since, For, Lately, Recently, So far, Over the past year | 持續至今或經驗 |
| 簡單過去式 (V-ed) | Ago, Last (week), Yesterday, In 2019, At that time | 歷史事實,與現在無關 |
當關代 + Be 動詞出現,可一起省略,留下分詞片語。
| 片語 | 動詞單複數判定 |
|---|---|
| Both A and B | 永遠用 複數 |
| Either A or B | 依 B (靠近動詞者) 決定 |
| Neither A nor B | 依 B (靠近動詞者) 決定 |
| Not only A but also B | 依 B (靠近動詞者) 決定 |
比較級 (Better/Faster) 前面不能加 Very。
中文都翻「直到」,邏輯不同。
| 介系詞 | 概念 | 適用動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| By | 期限 (Deadline) | 瞬間 (finish, submit, arrive) | Submit by Friday. (週五前交) |
| Until | 持續 (Duration) | 持續 (wait, stay, last) | Wait until Friday. (一直等到週五) |
| 單字 | 詞性 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rise | 不及物 (Vi) | 上升 (自己動) | Prices rose. (價格上漲) |
| Raise | 及物 (Vt) | 舉起、募款、提高 (對別人做) | The Fed raised rates. (聯準會升息) |
| 原形副詞 | 加 -ly 後的意思 | 區分 |
|---|---|---|
| Hard (努力/硬) | Hardly (幾乎不) | work hard (勤奮) vs. hardly work (幾乎不做事) |
| Late (晚/遲) | Lately (最近) | arrive late (遲到) vs. traveled lately (最近旅遊) |
| High (高) | Highly (極度/非常) | jump high (跳高) vs. highly recommended (極推) |
否定副詞放句首,句子變問句結構 (助動詞提前)。
請選出最適合的答案:
Q1. ______ by the loud noise, the baby woke up and started crying. (A) Scaring (B) Scared (C) To scare (D) Scare
Q2. I finally got my brother ______ his room after promising him a reward. (A) clean (B) cleaned (C) to clean (D) cleaning
Q3. She had her hair ______ at the new salon yesterday. (A) cut (B) to cut (C) cutting (D) cuts
Q4. ______ the report, she turned off her computer and went home. (A) Finish (B) Finished (C) To finish (D) Having finished
Q5. Neither the CEO nor the assistants ______ aware of the calculation error. (A) was (B) were (C) has been (D) is
Q6. The new processing chip is ______ faster than the previous model. (A) very (B) so (C) much (D) too
Q7. Only ______ who have valid tickets are allowed to enter the venue. (A) they (B) them (C) which (D) those
Q8. Please ensure you submit the expense report ______ 5 PM today. (A) until (B) by (C) since (D) for
Q9. The charity aims to ______ $1 million for the disaster relief fund. (A) rise (B) raise (C) arise (D) rose
Q10. He works ______ but still struggles to meet the deadline. (A) hardly (B) hard (C) harden (D) hardness
Q11. He is not used to ______ spicy food, so he ordered a mild dish. (A) eat (B) ate (C) eating (D) eaten
Q12. Never ______ I visited a city as beautiful as Prague. (A) did (B) do (C) am (D) have
| 題號 | 答案 | 關鍵解析 |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | (B) | 分詞構句。嬰兒是「感到」害怕 (被動),故用 V-pp (Scared)。若選 Scaring 變成嬰兒很恐怖去嚇人。 |
| Q2 | (C) | 使役動詞。Get + 人 + to V。這是 Get 的特殊用法,暗示經過一番說服。 |
| Q3 | (A) | 使役動詞。Have + 物 (hair) + V-pp (cut)。頭髮是被剪。注意 Cut 三態同形。 |
| Q4 | (D) | 完成式分詞。強調「先」做完報告,「後」回家。時間有落差,用 Having + V-pp。 |
| Q5 | (B) | 主動詞一致。Neither A nor B,動詞跟著 B (assistants - 複數) 走,故選 were。 |
| Q6 | (C) | 比較級修飾。修飾比較級 (faster) 只能用 Much/Far/Even,絕對不能用 Very。 |
| Q7 | (D) | 代名詞。Those who = People who (凡是...的人)。 |
| Q8 | (B) | 介系詞。Submit (繳交) 是在此期限前的動作,非持續動作,故用 By (期限)。Until 用於持續動作 (如 Wait)。 |
| Q9 | (B) | 易混淆字。後面有受詞 ($1 million),必須選及物動詞 Raise (募款/舉起)。Rise 是自己上升。 |
| Q10 | (B) | 易混淆副詞。努力工作是 work hard。Hardly 是「幾乎不」,語意相反。 |
| Q11 | (C) | 慣用語。Be used to (習慣於) + V-ing/N。這裡的 To 是介系詞。 |
| Q12 | (D) | 倒裝句。原句為 I have never visited...。否定詞 Never 前移,助動詞 Have 隨之前移。 |
Next Step: 如果您在做完測驗後,發現對於 「分詞構句的邏輯主詞」 或是 「倒裝句還原」 仍感到混淆,我可以為您提供這兩個主題的 「拆解式特訓」 (Sentence Breakdown Drill),是否需要?