以下是您想要的TOEIC備考109句型精簡版，已轉換為繁體中文並以Markdown格式呈現：
直接問句： 疑問詞 + 助V + S...? (問句動詞要移到主詞前) 間接問句： S + V + 疑問詞 + S + (助V) + V... (「間接問句」不是問句)
When will he go?I don’t know when he will go.直接問句： 助V + S + ...？
(也就是要用Yes或No回答的問句)
間接問句： S + V + whether / if + S + (助V) + V...
Can you come (or not)?It makes no difference whether you can come (or not).Pattern 1： Do + S + V + [ 疑問字 + S + V ] ?
(詢問重點為”Do + S + V”)
Did you tell me who she was?Yes, I did.Pattern 2： 疑問字 + do + S + V + [ 疑問字 + S + V] ?
(詢問重點為”疑問字”)
Who did you tell me she was?She is my sister.你認為...如何？ ...如何？ ...好不好？ (建議去做某事)
How about + O ?
What about + O ?
What do you say to + O ? (O 要用名詞或Ving.)
What do you think of + O ?
Let’s + V , shall we?
How about (taking) a walk?
= What about (taking) a walk?
= What do you say to (taking) a walk?
= What do you think of (taking) a walk?
= Let’s take a walk , shall we?一...就...；如果...就...
[ 命令句 ] and [ S + V].
= If [ S + V ] , [ S + V].
Stir and you will be a dead man.
= If you stir , you will be a dead man....否則...；如果不...就...
[ 命令句 ] or [ S + V].
= If [ S ... not + V ] , [ S + V].
= Unless [ S + V ] , [ S + V].
Put on a coat, or you’ll take cold.
= If you don’t put on a coat, you’ll catch cold.
= Unless you put on a coat, you’ll get a cold.多麼...啊！ (感歎句)
How + [形 / 副] + ( a + n.) ( S + V ). (感歎句不是問句)
What + (a) + (形) + n.
How beautiful a night (it is)!
= What a beautiful night (this is)!How ugly the boys are!
= What ugly boys (they are)!與現在事實相反的假設
If S + [were / 過去式V] ... , S + [would, could, might, should] + V
If I had wings, I would fly to you.與過去事實相反的假設
If S + had + pp ... , S + [would, could, might, should] + have + pp.
If these shoes had fitted me, I would have bought them.與未來事實相反的假設
If S + were to + V ... , S + [would, could, might, should] + V.
Even if the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow, I would not do such a thing.未來表「萬一」
If S + should + V ... , S + [would, should / will, shall] + V.
If I should fail this time, I will(would) try again.不確定的未來
If S + V現在式 ... , S + [shall, will / can , may] + V
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.不能實現的願望
I wish / Would that / If only + S + [過去式V] (現在不可能的希望)
I wish / Would that / If only + S + [had + pp] (過去已不可能的希望)
I wish / Would that / If only + S + [should / would / could + V] (未來不可能的希望)
I wish I were a bird.If only you had told me the truth.Would that I could go with you tomorrow.I hope you can help me. (可能實現)I wish you could help me. (不可能實現)「祝福.....」的用法
I wish + [ S + may + V ]
May + S + V
I wish + 人 + 事物
(I wish) + 事物 + to + 人
I wish you may succeed.
= May you succeed.
= I wish you success.
= (I wish) success to you.假設法if的省略
If S + [were / had / should] + ... = [Were / Had / Should] + S + ...
Were we to fail, what would happen? (= If we were to fail, ...)Had I not known her name, I would have been embarrassed. (If I had not known ...)Should it rain, we would not go. (If it should rain, ...)要不是...，...
But for + O
Without + O , S + V假設法.
If S + not + V假設法
But for the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
= Without the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
= If it were not for the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
= Were it not for the sun, we couldn’t live at all.該是...的時候了。
It [is / was] (high) time + [ S + 過去式V ]
It [is / was] (high) time + [ S + should + V ]
It is (high) time we went to bed.
= It is time we should go to bed.
= It is time for us to go to bed....好像是...(其實不是)
S + V + as if / as though + S + V假設法
You look as if you were dead.命令、建議、要求、堅持 的 n. / adj. / v. + that [ S + (should) + 原形V]
Her father insisted that she (should) marry that man.It is necessary that he take the exam. (他必須參加考試不可。)cannot ….. too… 越…越好；再…也不為過
We cannot be too careful in choosing friends.
= You can never be over careful in choosing friends.
= One can hardly be careful enough in choosing friends.[all / both / every] ….. not … = not [all / both / every] ….. (不都…(部分否定))
All men are not honest.
= Not all men are honest.No man is honest.
= All men are dishonest.否定字 +… [that ….not + V / but …..+ V / without + O.] (沒有…不…)
There is no one but loves his own child.
= There is no one that does not love his own child.
= There is no one without loving his own child.
= Everyone loves his own child.not + [to + V / Ving / pp.] (不 (不定詞、分詞、動名詞的否定都是在前面加not))
He tried not to think of her.Not being able to help him, I just left.No + [n. / Ving] (禁止…；反對…；不準…)
No admittance except on business.No parking.There is no + Ving (不可能…；沒有人能…)
= It is impossible to + V
There is no telling what may happen.
= There is no way of telling what may happen.
= It is impossible to tell what may happen.
= No one can tell what may happen.not only A but (also) B (不但A而且B 🡨B才是重點，所以動詞與B一致)
= B as well as A
Not only you but also your friend is to blame.
= Your friend as well as you is to blame.not A but B (不是A而是B)
= B not A
What I am interested in is not chemistry, but physics.
= What I am interested in is physics, not chemistry.人 + be above + [Ving / n.] (恥於…；不屑…)
She is above asking questions.the last + n. (最不可能的…；再怎麼說也不會的…)
He will be the last person to betray you.fail to + V (未能…) = be unable to + V
never fail to + V (一定…；務必…) = V + without fail
He failed to arrive in time.
= He was unable to arrive in time.I never fail to keep my word.
= I keep my word without fail.一點也不……；絕不…
… not …at all
= … in no way
= … by no means
= … not in the least
= far from …
= anything but …
The boy is not diligent at all.
= The boy is far from diligent.很多….
Much + 不可數名詞
many + 可數名詞
not a little
Not a few
no little
no few
quite a little
quite a few
a great deal of
a great number of
He has much money, but I have many books.
= He has not a little money, but I have not a few books.
= He has no little money, but I have no few books.
= He has quite a little money, but I have quite a few books.
= He has a great deal of money, but I have a great number of books.It goes without saying that ….. (不用說都知道….)
Needless to say, ……
It goes without saying that honesty is the best policy.
= Needless to say, honesty is the best policy.否定字詞放句首的倒裝句。應按問句形式，倒裝助動詞。
Never, No, Seldom, Little, Not, Nothing…
+ [助V + S + V ….. / be + S ….]
Hardly, Rarely, Scarcely, …
By no means, Under no circumstances, …
I shall never forget the beautiful school days.
= Never shall I forget the beautiful school days.He is hardly late.
= Hardly is he late.I will forgive him by no means.
= By no means will I forgive him.Only詞組放句首的倒裝句
Only ….. + [助V + S + V ….. / be + S ….]
We can succeed only by working hard.
= Only by working hard can we succeed.地方副詞放句首的倒裝句
不及物動詞 V + S (名詞)
地方副詞 + V + S (名詞)
(V需為不及物動詞)
The beggar waited at the gate.
= At the gate waited the beggar.代名詞 S (代名詞) + V
地方副詞 + S (代名詞) + V
She sat behind the counter.
= Behind the counter she sat.主詞補語放句首的倒裝句
主詞補語 + V + S (V需為不及物動詞(所以後面才有主詞補語))
My life is empty.
= Empty is my life.So (也) 的倒裝句
So + [助V / Be] + S (…也是。)
= S + [助V / Be], too
So + S + [助V / Be] (…的確…。)
= Yes, S + [助V / Be]
你年輕，我也是。
You are young, and so am I.
= You are young, and I am, too.
A：聽說你做得很好。 B：的確是。
A: I hear you did a good job. B: So we did.
= A: I hear you did a good job. B: Yes, we did.
否定「也不」倒裝要用neither。
如：You are not young, and I am not, either.
= You are not young, and neither am I. (用neither後面不要再有not)
as (像), than (比) 的倒裝句
…… as [助V / be] + S
= …… as + S [助V / be]
…… than [助V / be] + S
= …… than + S [助V / be]
He has bought as many clothes as has his wife.
= He has bought as many clothes as his wife (has).Our director of studies is more capable than is our principal.
= Our director of studies is more capable than our principal is.
= Our director of studies is more capable than our principal.such (如此的), so (如此地) 的倒裝句 (如此…以致於……)
S is such + [that子句 / as to V]
S is so adj. + [that子句 / as to V]
= Such is S + [that子句 / as to V]
= So adj. is S + [that子句 / as to V]
My progress in English was such that it pleased my parents.
= My progress in English was such as to please my parents.
= Such was my progress in English that it pleased my parents.
= Such was my progress in English as to please my parents.
= My progress in English was so great that it pleased my parents.
= My progress in English was so great as to it please my parents.
= So great was my progress in English that it pleased my parents.
= So great was my progress in English as to please my parents.“It”做「虛主詞」
It + V …..+ [(for 人) to V / that子句 / wh子句]
It is bad for health to keep indoors all day.
= It is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.“It”做「虛受詞」
S + Vt + it + 受詞補語 + [(for 人) to V / that子句 / wh子句]
I think it bad for health to keep indoors all day.
= I think it bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.
= I think (that) it is bad for health to keep indoors all day.
= I think (that) it is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.…據說…；…聽說…
People(They) say that S +V
= I(We) hear
= I’m(We’re) told
= It is said
= S + is said + to V
People say that she was rich.
= It is said that she was rich.
= She is said to have been rich.S1 + V 連接詞 S1+ V = ……..先行詞 + (關係代名詞) ….. (用關代連接兩句有一相同名詞的句子)
I have an uncle, and he is a teacher.
= I have an uncle who is a teacher.I have an uncle, and I have never seen him.
= I have an uncle (whom) I have never seen.I have an uncle, and his family are all in America.
= I have an uncle whose family are all in America.凡是…的人(們)……..。
Those (people) who子句 + 複數V
He who子句 + 單數V
They who子句
One who子句
People who子句
Anyone who子句
Such (people) as子句
Whoever子句
Those who have money do not want for friends.
= Such as have money do not want for friends.
= He who has money does not want for friends.
= Whoever has money does not want for friends.as 或 which當關代，代替前面的詞組或整個句子。
...詞組 / ...子句 , as [which] ...
As ..., ............ (as子句還可移到句首，which子句不行)
He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.
= He was a foreigner, which I knew from his accent.
= As I knew from his accent, he was a foreigner.
(= He was a foreigner, and I knew it from his accent.)準關係代名詞but, as, than
such / the same / as …+ as 不完整子句 (…像….)In our class there is no one that does not hope to go to college.
= In our class there is no one but hopes to go to college.Let children read those books which will make them better and wise.
= Let children read such books as will make them better and wise.As a result, there are more products than are required.…像…一樣 / …不像…一樣
as [adj. / adv.] as S + V
not as[so] [adj. / adv.] as S + V
It is not as hot today as it was yesterday.
(否定句中，第一個as可用so代)
= It is not so hot today as it was yesterday.
(=It is not so[as] hot today as yesterday.)…是最….
S + …比較級…+ than any other ….
No [so … as / 比較級…than] + S
= never … + S
can’t
Life is more precious than any other thing.(= Life is the most precious of all.)
= Nothing is so precious as life.
= No other thing is more precious than life.The 比較級 …, the 比較級….. (越…就越…)
The longer he waited, the angrier he became.The more frustrations we encounter, the stronger our country becomes.As …, so …. (正如…，…也一樣。)
As you sow, so you shall reap.
= As you sow, so shall you reap.
(= You must reap what you have sown.)A之於B猶如C之於D。
A is to B as C is to D
A is to B what C is to D
Reading is to the mind as food is to the body.
= Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
(= As food is to the body so is reading to the mind.)… no more … than … (和…一樣不…(兩者皆非…)) … no less … than … (和…一樣…(兩者皆一樣…))
She is no more diligent than you.
= She is not diligent, nor are you.
= Neither she nor you are diligent.You are no less beautiful than your mother.
= You are as beautiful as your mother.
= Both you and your mother are beautiful.寧願...也不願...
would rather + V + than + V
had sooner + V + than + V
= prefer + [n. / Ving] to [n. / Ving]
= prefer + to V + rather than + V
I would rather stand than sit.
= I would sooner stand than sit.
= I had sooner stand than sit.
= I had rather stand than sit.
= I prefer standing to sitting.
= I prefer to stand rather than sit.not so much A as B (與其說是A不如說是B)
Success in life depends not so much on talent as on diligence.(是...的) 幾倍...
A + V + 倍數 + as + adj. ( + as B ) (看動詞決定用adj.或adv.)
A + V + 倍數 + adj.比較級 ( + than B )
A + V + 倍數 + the 名詞 ( + of B )
This river is twice as long as that.
= This river is twice longer than that.
= This river is twice the length of that.know better + than to V (不會那麼傻到去做...)
I know better than to do such a thing. (= I am not so foolish as to do such a thing.)(Al)though S + V , S + V. (雖然...但是...)
Although(Though) he is poor, (yet) he is very happy.
= Although poor, he is very happy. (有although就不要有but)
= He is poor, but he is very happy. (有but就不要有although)雖然...；儘管...
Although + S + V , ~~.
[For all / With all / In spite of / Despite / Notwithstanding] + [n. / Ving.] , ....
Although she is wealthy, she is unhappy.
= In spite of her wealth, she is unhappy.[A + 名詞 / 形容詞 / 副詞 / 分詞 / 動詞原形] + as[though] S + V , ........
(雖然...；儘管...)
Although she is a woman, she has much confidence.
= Woman as she is, she has much confidence. (冠詞要去掉)Although it seems impossible, it is true.
= Impossible though it seems, it is true.Although he may try, he can not succeed.
= Try as he may, he can not succeed. (甚至連動詞也可以移前)Wh-ever ......, S + V. (無論...(何時、何地、誰、什麼...)， 。)
=No matter wh- ......, S + V.
Whenever[=No matter when] we call on him, we will find him at his desk.Whatever[=No matter what] you may do, do it well.Whosever[=No matter whose] son you are, I can’t make an exception of you.Whether ... A or B , ........ (無論是A還是B，..........)
Whether it may rain or shine, I will be there.Whether he comes or not, the result will be the same.「雖然......；無論」還有以下兩種特殊句型
Although + S + V ... , ......
🡪 原形V + S ... , ........
Wh-ever + S + V ..., ..........
🡪 原形V + wh-ever + S ... , ........
雖然家很簡陋，但還是沒有地方比家好。
Although it is ever so humble, there is no place like home.
= Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.
不管你怎麼說，我都不相信。
Whatever you may say, I don’t believe it.
= Say what(ever) you may, I don’t believe it.
直到...才...
S ... not V + until .....
= Not until ...... + 助V + S + V (倒裝句)
= It is not until ...... + that + S + V
I didn’t fall asleep until (it was) eleven.
= Not until (it was) eleven did I fall asleep.
= It was not until (it was) eleven that I fell asleep.一......就......
As soon as S + V , S + V
= The moment S + V , S + V (此處moment亦可用minute, instant代替)
= Once S + V , S + V (此處once亦可用directly, immediately, instantly代替)
= On + Ving, S + V (前後主詞相同時)
= At + n. , S + V (前後主詞相同時)
As soon as he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= The moment he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= The instant he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= Once he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= Directly he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= On hearing the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= At the news, he was beside himself with joy.一......就...... (此句型只用在過去式中)
As soon as S + V , S + V
= S + had [hardly / scarcely] pp when S + V
= S + had no sooner pp than S + V (比較級sooner後面連接詞用than)
= No sooner + had + S + pp than S + V (倒裝句)
As soon as the shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
= The shower had hardly passed before a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
= The shower had no sooner passed than a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
= No sooner had the shower passed than a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.自從.....已有(一段時間)
It [is / has been] 一段時間 since S + Ved.
= 一段時間 have passed since S + Ved.
It is[has been] three years since I graduated from school.
= Three years have passed since I graduated from school.......目的是為了......
S + V [so that / in order that / that] S may V (表目的的「連接詞」)
= S + V [so as to / in order to / to] + V (表目的的「不定詞」)
= S + V [with a view to / for the sake of / with the aim of] + [n. / Ving] (表目的的「介系詞」)
We study hard so that we may succeed.
= We study hard that we may succeed.
= We study hard so as to succeed.
= We study hard to succeed.
= We study hard for the sake of success.......目的是為了不要......；以免......；唯恐......
S + V [lest / for fear that / in case that] S (should) + 原型V
= S + V for fear of + Ving.
Don’t go there often lest you (should) get yourself talked about.
= Don’t go there often for fear that you (should) get yourself talked about.
= Don’t go there often for fear of getting yourself talked about.
(= Don’t go there often in order not to get yourself talked about.)如此......以至於......
so + [adj. / adv.] + ( a + n. ) + [that 子句 / as to V]
such + ( a ) + ( adj ) + n. + [that 子句 / as to V]
He is so honest a man that he is trusted by all.
= He is so honest a man as to be trusted by all.
= He is so honest that he is trusted by all.
= He is so honest as to be trusted by all.
= He is such an honest man that he is trusted by all.
= He is such an honest man as to be trusted by all.一則因為A，再則因為B，......
What with A and (what with) B
What with hunger and (what with) fatigue, he fell down on the road.當「介系詞」的to：以下的to都是介系詞 (後面要接n.或Ving)
object to + Ving = be opposed to + Vingbe used to + Ving = be accustomed to + Vinggive thought to + Vingtake to + Vinglook forward to + Vingbe devoted to + Ving = devote oneself to + Ving = be dedicated to + Ving = dedicate oneself to + Ving = apply oneself to + VingWhat do you say to + Ving ?.... with a view to + Vingowing to + Ving = due to + Vingused to + V (過去經常........) = would + V
be used to + [n. / Ving] (習慣於.........) = be accustomed to + [n. / Ving]
be used to + V (被用來..........) = be used for + Ving
He used to sit up late.
= He would sit up late.He is used to living such a life.
= He is used to such a life.
= He is accustomed to living such a life.
= He is accustomed to such a life.Gravel is much used to make roads.
= Gravel is much used for making roads.以下為後面常接Ving當受詞的動詞：
enjoy + Vingpractice + Vingfinish + Vingmind + Vinggive up + Vingkeep + Ving (國中程度)anticipate + Ving ( = expect + to V)avoid + Vingsuggest + Vingrisk + Vingresist + Vingadmit + VingFancy + Ving = Imagine + Vingescape + Vingstand + Vingexcuse + Vingdeny + Vingconsider + Vingrecall + Vingdelay + Vingmiss + Vingappreciate + Vingfeel like + VingNeed, want, deserve後面接Ving表示被動
需要被....
S + need + Ving
= S + need + to be pp.
= S + need + n.
需要被....
S + want + Ving
= S + want + to be pp.
= S + want + n.
值得被....
S + deserve + Ving
= S + deserve + to be pp.
= S + deserve + n.
我們的學校需要改善。
Our school needs improving.
= Our school needs to be improved.
= Our school needs improvement.
值得......
S + be + worth [Ving / n.]
= S + be + worthy [of being pp. / to be pp.]
= It is worth while [Ving / to V]
= It pays + to V
This book is worth buying.
= This book is worthy of being bought.
= This book is worthy to be bought.
= It is worth while to buy this book.
= It pays to read this book.have [difficulty / trouble / fun / pleasure / a good(hard) time] + (in) + Ving
I had a hard time (in) finding your home.go Ving (去從事某活動)
do the Ving (做某件工作)
Let’s go swimming. (= Let’s go for a swim.)I do the cooking myself. (= I cook myself.)以下為後面常接to V當受詞的動詞：
want + to Vneed + to Vhope + to Vwish + to Vhelp + to Vlearn + to V (國中程度)decide + to Vwould like + to Vfear + to Voffer + to Vagree + to Vmean + to Vrefuse + to Vmanage + to Vpretend + to Vpromise + to Vdetermine + to Vattempt + to Vendeavor + to Vexpect + to V以下為後面接to V或Ving當受詞皆可的動詞：
begin + to V, begin + Vingstart + to V, start + Vinglike + to V, like + Vinglove + to V, love + Ving (國中程度)hate + to V, hate + Vingplan + to V, plan + Vingprefer + to V, prefer + Vingdread + to V, dread + Vingintend + to V, intend + Vingcease + to V, cease + Ving以下為後面接to V或Ving當受詞意義不同的動詞：
stop + to V (停止(做...))stop + Ving (停下來，去做...)remember + to V (記得要去做....)remember + Ving (記得曾做過....)forget + to V (忘記要去做....)forget + Ving (忘記曾做過....)try + to V (努力)試著去做好....)try + Ving (做......試看看有沒有效)go on + to V (接著去做(不同的事))go on + Ving (繼續做(同一件事))regret + to V (抱歉將要去.......)regret + Ving (後悔曾......)人 mean + to V (某人打算......)事物 mean + Ving (某物的意義是....)人 need + to V (某人需要去.....)物need + Ving (某物需要被......)......沒有用；......有什麼用呢？
It is (of) no use [to V / Ving]
= It is no good + Ving
= It is useless + to V
= There is no [use / good / point] in + Ving
= What is the [use / good / point] of + Ving？
It is (of) no use talking. = It is (of) no use to talk.
= It is no good talking. = It is useless to talk.
= There is no point in talking. = What is the use of talking?突然.....起來
burst out + Ving
= burst into + n.
She burst out crying.
= She burst into tears.She burst out laughing.
= She burst into laughter.動詞做句子的主詞 (動詞要改成To V或Ving)
[To V / Ving] ...... + V(單數) ........
To keep early hours is good for health.
= Keeping early hours is good for health.too [adj. / adv.] to V (太.....而不......)
[adj. / adv.] enough ......(to V) (夠......所以會......)
for + O.
He is too young to do the task.
= He is too young for the task.
(= He is so young that he can not do the task.)He is wise enough to know that.to V的動作發生的時間
S + V ...... + to V. (兩個動作同時發生)
S + V ...... + to have pp. (不定詞動作發生在先)
He seems to be rich. (= It seems that he is rich.)He seems to have been rich. (= It seems that he was rich.)更不要說.....；何況......
S + V ......, [to say nothing of / not to mention / not to speak of / let alone] ......
He can speak English, to say nothing of Mandarin.
= He can speak English, not to mention Mandarin.
= He can speak English, not to speak of Mandarin.
= He can speak English, let alone Mandarin.do nothing but + 原形V (只.........(動作)) *(but可換成except)
He does nothing but eat. (= He does not do anything but eat.)如：He enjoys nothing but eating. 他只喜歡吃。 (Enjoy + Ving)不得不......；忍不住......
can’t help + Ving
= can’t [help but / but / choose but] + V
= have no choice but + to V
= have no alternative but + to V
I can’t help doing it.
= I can’t help but do it. = I can’t but do it.
= I have no choice but to do it.即將......；正要......
be going to + V
= be about to + V
= be on the point of [Ving / n.] (point可換成verge, edge, brink ,eve)
When a man is going to die, his words are good.
= When a man is about to breathe his last, his words are nice.
= When a man is on the point of death, his words are gracious.你只要......就可以了。
All you have to do is + (to) V (all後面可以有關代that)
= What you have to do is + (to) V (what後面不可以再有that)
= The only thing you have to do is + (to) V
= You have only to V.
All you have to do is (to) do your best.
= What you have to do is (to) do your best.
= The only thing you have to do is (to) do your best. = You have only to do your best.當形容詞用的現在分詞Ving有主動、正在、令人…...的意思。 當形容詞用的過去分詞 pp. 有被動、已經、感到……的意思。
I can’t take care of a crying baby. (主動正在哭的)My father is a retired general. (已經退休的)This is a piece of exciting news. (令人振奮的)The excited mob set fire to the building. (感到激動的)Spoken English is more difficult (被說的)1. n. + 形容詞子句
可改成 n. + Ving詞組 (子句中動詞為主動時)
2. n. + 形容詞子句
可改成 n. + pp.詞組 (子句中動詞為被動時)
The book which belongs to him is lost.
= The book belonging to him is lost.The stamp which is hidden in the book is gone.
= The stamp hidden in the book is gone.S + 來往站坐V + 分詞 (分詞當主詞補語用)
He came running.They returned defeated.S + [感官V / 使役V] + O. + [原形V (一般主動) / Ving (強調正在進行的主動) / pp. (被動)]
I saw him enter the hospital.I saw him entering the hospital.I saw him sent to hospital.I had my composition corrected by our teacher.I have him do it.
= I make him do it.
= I get him to do it. (get人+ to V是超級大例外)[find / leave / keep] + O. + [Ving (主動) / pp. (被動)]
He found his dog killed.I’m sorry I have kept you waiting so long.分詞構句：
副詞子句， S + V.
= 分詞構句， S + V. (主動用Ving, 被動用pp.)
When he saw the video machine, he exclaimed with joy.
= (When) Seeing the video machine, he exclaimed with joy. (意思清楚時，連接詞可省。)Though the hotel was crowded, we managed to find a room.
= The hotel crowded, we managed to find a room. (兩句主詞不同時，主詞還是留下。)分詞構句表「接續動作」的變化句型
S + V and S + V.
= S + V， 分詞構句， (主動用Ving, 被動用pp.)
She stood amazed, and (she) did not know what to do.
= She stood amazed, not knowing what to do.分詞構句表「附帶狀況」的變化句型
S1 + V and S2 + V.
= S1 + V ， S2 分詞構句 (主動用Ving, 被動用pp.)
= S1 + V ， with S2 分詞構句 (主動用Ving, 被動用pp.)
The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, and his arms were folded.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, his arms folded.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, with his arms folded.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, and (he) folded his arms.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, folding his arms.下列助動詞後接原形V或have pp.意思不同：
* should V (現在應該)
* should have pp. (過去應該做而未做的事)
He should do that.
He should have done that.
* can(not) V (現在疑問或否定推測)
* can(not) have pp. (過去疑問或否定推測)
* could have pp. (過去能做而未做的事)
Can he do that?
He can’t have done that.
He could have done that.(but he didn’t)
* must V (現在極肯定推測)
* must have pp. (過去肯定推測)
He must be tired.
He must have done that.
* may V (現在可能)
* may have pp. (過去可能)
He may do that.
He may have done that.
* might V (現在可能)
* might have pp. (過去本來可能....(但並未發生))
He might do that.
He might have done that.(but he didn’t)
* didn’t need to V (過去不必做....(但不知做了沒))
* needn’t have pp. (過去可以不必做....(但卻做了))
He didn’t need to do that.
He needn’t have done that.(but he did.)
「穿衣服」的用法
1. (動作)穿上..... 人 put on 衣服
2. (狀態)穿著..... 人 wear 衣服
= 人 dress 人 + in衣服 (dress vt. = clothe vt.)
= 人 be dressed + in 衣服
= 人 be + in 衣服
= 人 have 衣服 on
* 衣服穿上跟我走。
`Put on your clothes and come with me.`
* 她總是穿著綠色衣服。
`She always wears green.`
`= She always dresses herself in green.`
`= She is always dressed in green.`
`= She is always in green.`
`= She always has green on.`人 spend 時間 + (in) Ving. (spend一定是人當主詞，後面用Ving)
= 人 take 時間 + to V.
= It take (人) 時間 + to V. (take後面一定用to V)
= 事 take (人) 時間* 我花了三天寫了這封信。
`I spent three days (in) writing this letter.`
`= I took three days to write this letter.`
`= It took me three days to write this letter.`
`= This letter took me three days.`人 spend 金錢 + [ (in) Ving. / on 物 ]
= It cost (人) 金錢 + to V
= 事 cost (人) 金錢 (cost一定指花錢)* 我花了一百元買了這本書。
`I spent one hundred dollars on this book.`
`= It cost me one hundred dollars to buy this book.`
`= This book cost me one hundred dollars.`very + adj. (非常.....的)
= all + 抽象n.
= 抽象n. + itself* 我們非常快樂。
`We are very happy.`
`= We are all happiness.`
`= We are happiness itself.`* 夜裡下大雨。
`It rained heavily during the night.`
`= There was a heavy rain during the night.`
`= We had a heavy rain during the night.`
* 今天星期五。
`It is Friday (today). (= Today is Friday.)`
* 距離車站有兩里路。
`It is two miles to the station.`It is + 非人稱adj. + for 人 + to V. (描寫事)
It is + 褒貶人adj. + of 人 + to V. (描寫人)* 你必須幫他的忙。
`It is necessary for you to help him.` *(是事情必要，不是人必要)*
`(= It is necessary that you should help him.)`
* 你真是不智接受的他的提議。
`It is unwise of you to accept his offer.` *(笨的是人，不是事情)*
`( = You are unwise to accept his offer.)`
* *「非人稱adj.」指necessary, important, possible, difficult, hard, easy, convenient, dangerous等*
* *「褒貶人adj.」指kind, cruel, generous, stingy, careful, careless, polite, rude, wise, foolish等*It is [主詞 / 受詞 / 副詞] + that 子句* 昨天打他的是我。
`It was I that hit him yesterday.`
* 我昨天打的是他。
`It was he that I hit yesterday.`
* 我打他是在昨天。
`It was yesterday that I hit him.`The former ....... the latter .......
That .................. this ...............* 他有一貓一狗，貓很怕狗。
`He has a cat and a dog; the former is afraid of the latter.`
`= He has a cat and a dog; that is afraid of the this.`one ....., and the other ......
2. (只是不同一個時) one ....., and another ......
3. (有三個時) one ....., and another ........., and the other ......* 他有兩隻狗，一黑一白。
`He has two dogs; one is black and the other white.`
* 知是一回事，行是另一回事。
`To know is one thing, and to do is another.`